Difference between Static and Dynamic SQL

Static or Embedded SQL are SQL statements in an application that do not change at runtime and, therefore, can be hard-coded into the application. Dynamic SQL is SQL statements that are constructed at runtime; for example, the application may allow users to enter their own queries.

Dynamic SQL is a programming technique that enables you to build SQL statements dynamically at runtime. You can create more general purpose, flexible applications by using dynamic SQL because the full text of a SQL statement may be unknown at compilation.

Below mentioned are the basic differences between Static or Embedded and Dynamic or Interactive SQL:

Static (Embedded) SQL	Dynamic (Interactive) SQL
In Static SQL, how database will be accessed is predetermined in the embedded SQL statement.	In Dynamic SQL, how database will be accessed is determined at run time.
It is more swift and efficient.	It is less swift and efficient.
SQL statements are compiled at compile time.	SQL statements are compiled at run time.
Parsing, Validation, Optimization and Generation of application plan are done at compile time.	Parsing, Validation, Optimization and Generation of application plan are done at run time.
It is generally used for situations where data is distributed uniformly.	It is generally used for situations where data is distributed non uniformly.
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE, EXECUTE and PREPARE statements are not used.	EXECUTE IMMEDIATE, EXECUTE and PREPARE statements are used.
It is less flexible.	It is more flexible.

Limitation of Dynamic SQL:
We cannot use some of the SQL statements Dynamically.
Performance of these statements is poor as compared to Static SQL.

Limitations of Static SQL:
They do not change at runtime thus are hard-coded into applications.