Python bit functions on int (bit_length, to_bytes and from_bytes)

The int type implements the numbers.Integral abstract base class.

1. int.bit_length()
Returns the number of bits required to represent an integer in binary, excluding the sign and leading zeros.

Code to demonstrate

num = 7
print(num.bit_length()) 
  
num = -7
print(num.bit_length()) 

Output:

3
3

2. int.to_bytes(length, byteorder, *, signed=False)
Return an array of bytes representing an integer.

# Returns byte representation of 1024 in a 
# big endian machine. 
print((1024).to_bytes(2, byteorder ='big')) 

Output:

b'x04x00'

3. int.from_bytes(bytes, byteorder, *, signed=False)
Returns the integer represented by the given array of bytes.

# Returns integer value of 'x00x10' in big endian machine. 
print(int.from_bytes(b'x00x10', byteorder ='big')) 

Output:

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