This header is part of the numeric library in C++ STL. This article explains some useful functions in the numeric header which can be used during competitive programming to save time and effort.
We usually find out the sum of elements in a particular range or a complete array using a linear operation which requires adding all the elements in the range one by one and storing it into some variable after each iteration.
accumulate()
This function returns the sum of all the values lying in a range between [first, last) with the variable sum.
- Syntax 1:
accumulate(first, last, sum); first, last : first and last elements of range whose elements are to be added sum : initial value of the sum - Syntax 2: This function returns the sum of all the values lying between [first, last) with the variable sum.
accumulate(first, last, sum, myfun); myfun : a function for performing any specific task. For example, we can find product of elements between first and last.
// C++ program to demonstrate working of accumulate() #include <iostream> #include <numeric> using namespace std; // User defined function int myfun(int x, int y) { // for this example we have taken product // of adjacent numbers return x * y ; } int main() { // Initialize sum = 1 int sum = 1; int a[] = {5 , 10 , 15} ; // Simple default accumulate function cout << "
Result using accumulate: "; cout << accumulate(a , a+3 , sum); // Using accumulate function with // defined function cout << "
Result using accumulate with" "user-defined function: "; cout << accumulate(a, a+3, sum, myfun); // Using accumulate function with // pre-defined function cout << "
Result using accumulate with " "pre-defined function: "; cout << accumulate(a, a+3, sum, std::minus<int>()); return 0; } |
Output:
Result using accumulate: 31 Result using accumulate with user-defined function: 750 Result using accumulate with pre-defined function: -29
An Example Problem : Sum of all elements between k1’th and k2’th smallest elements
partial_sum( )
This function assigns partial sum of the corresponding elements of an array to every position of the second array.It returns the partial sum of all the set of values lying between [first, last) and stores it in another array b.
For example, if x represents an element in [first, last) and y represents an element in result, the ys can be calculated as:
y0 = x0 y1 = x0 + x1 y2 = x0 + x1 + x2 y3 = x0 + x1 + x2 + x3 y4 = x0 + x1 + x2 + x3 + x4
Syntax :
partial_sum(first, last, b);
partial_sum(first, last, b, myfun);
first, last : first and last element of range
whose elements are to be added
b : index of array where corresponding partial
sum will be stored;
myfun : a user defined function for performing
any specific task
// C++ program to demonstrate working of accumulate() #include <iostream> #include <numeric> using namespace std; //user defined function int myfun(int x, int y) { // the sum of element is twice of its // adjacent element return x + 2 * y; } int main () { int a[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} ; int b[5]; // Default function partial_sum(a , a+5 , b); cout << "Partial Sum - Using Default function: "; for (int i=0; i<5; i++) cout << b[i] << ' '; cout << '
'; // Using user defined function partial_sum(a , a+5 , b , myfun) ; cout << "Partial sum - Using user defined function: "; for (int i=0; i<5; i++) cout << b[i] << ' '; cout << '
'; return 0; } |
Output :
Partial Sum - Using Default function: 1 3 6 10 15 Partial sum - Using user defined function: 1 5 11 19 29
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