List in C++ Standard Template Library (STL)

Lists are sequence containers that allow non-contiguous memory allocation. As compared to vector, list has slow traversal, but once a position has been found, insertion and deletion are quick. Normally, when we say a List, we talk about doubly linked list. For implementing a singly linked list, we use forward list.

Below is the program to show the working of some functions of List:

The output of the above program is :

List 1 (gqlist1) is :     0    2    4    6    
8    10    12    14    16    18

List 2 (gqlist2) is :     27    24    21    18    
15    12    9    6    3    0

gqlist1.front() : 0
gqlist1.back() : 18
gqlist1.pop_front() :     2    4    6    8    
10    12    14    16    18

gqlist2.pop_back() :     27    24    21    18    
15    12    9    6    3

gqlist1.reverse() :     18    16    14    12    
10    8    6    4    2

gqlist2.sort():     3    6    9    12    
15    18    21    24    27

Functions used with List:

• front() – Returns the value of the first element in the list.
• back() – Returns the value of the last element in the list .
• push_front(g) – Adds a new element ‘g’ at the beginning of the list .
• push_back(g) – Adds a new element ‘g’ at the end of the list.
• pop_front() – Removes the first element of the list, and reduces size of the list by 1.
• pop_back() – Removes the last element of the list, and reduces size of the list by 1
• list::begin() and list::end() in C++ STL– begin() function returns an iterator pointing to the first element of the list
• end()– end() function returns an iterator pointing to the theoretical last element which follows the last element.
• list rbegin() and rend() function in C++ STL– rbegin() returns a reverse iterator which points to the last element of the list. rend() returns a reverse iterator which points to the position before the beginning of the list.
• list cbegin() and cend() function in C++ STL– cbegin() returns a constant random access iterator which points to the beginning of the list. cend() returns a constant random access iterator which points to the end of the list.
• list crbegin() and crend() function in C++ STL– crbegin() returns a constant reverse iterator which points to the last element of the list i.e reversed beginning of container. crend() returns a constant reverse iterator which points to the theoretical element preceding the first element in the list i.e. the reverse end of the list.
• empty() – Returns whether the list is empty(1) or not(0).
• insert() – Inserts new elements in the list before the element at a specified position.
• erase() – Removes a single element or a range of elements from the list.
• assign() – Assigns new elements to list by replacing current elements and resizes the list.
• remove() – Removes all the elements from the list, which are equal to given element.
• list::remove_if() in C++ STL– Used to remove all the values from the list that correspond true to the predicate or condition given as parameter to the function.
• reverse() – Reverses the list.
• size() – Returns the number of elements in the list.
• list resize()function in C++ STL– Used to resize a list container.
• sort() – Sorts the list in increasing order.
• list max_size() function in C++ STL– Returns the maximum number of elements a list container can hold.
• list unique() in C++ STL– Removes all duplicate consecutive elements from the list.
• list::emplace_front() and list::emplace_back() in C++ STL– emplace_front() function is used to insert a new element into the list container, the new element is added to the beginning of the list. emplace_back() function is used to insert a new element into the list container, the new element is added to the end of the list.
• list::clear() in C++ STL– clear() function is used to remove all the elements of the list container, thus making it size 0.
• list::operator= in C++ STL– This operator is used to assign new contents to the container by replacing the existing contents.
• list::swap() in C++ STL– This function is used to swap the contents of one list with another list of same type and size.
• list splice() function in C++ STL– Used to transfer elements from one list to another.
• list merge() function in C++ STL– Merges two sorted lists into one
• list emplace() function in C++ STL– Extends list by inserting new element at a given position.

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