Consider the below programs.
1) Program to show what happens when we cross range of ‘char’ :
// C++ program to demonstrate // the problem with 'char' #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { for (char a = 0; a <= 225; a++) cout << a; return 0; } |
Will this code print ‘a’ till it becomes 226? Well the answer is indefinite loop, because here ‘a’ is declared as a char and its valid range is -128 to +127. When ‘a’ become 128 through a++, the range is exceeded and as a result the first number from negative side of the range (i.e. -128) gets assigned to a. Hence the condition “a <= 225” is satisfied and control remains within the loop.
2) Program to show what happens when we cross range of ‘bool’ :
// C++ program to demonstrate // the problem with 'bool' #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { // declaring Boolean // variable with true value bool a = true; for (a = 1; a <= 5; a++) cout << a; return 0; } |
This code will print ‘1’ infinite time because here ‘a’ is declared as ‘bool’ and it’s valid range is 0 to 1. And for a Boolean variable anything else than 0 is 1 (or true). When ‘a’ tries to become 2 (through a++), 1 gets assigned to ‘a’. The condition a<=5 is satisfied and the control remains with in the loop. See this for Bool data type.
3) Program to show what happens when we cross range of ‘short’ :
Note that short is short for short int. They are synonymous. short, short int, signed short, and signed short int are all the same data-type.
// C++ program to demonstrate // the problem with 'short' #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { // declaring short variable short a; for (a = 32767; a < 32770; a++) cout << a << "
"; return 0; } |
Will this code print ‘a’ till it becomes 32770? Well the answer is indefinite loop, because here ‘a’ is declared as a short and its valid range is -32768 to +32767. When ‘a’ tries to become 32768 through a++, the range is exceeded and as a result the first number from negative side of the range(i.e. -32768) gets assigned to a. Hence the condition “a < 32770" is satisfied and control remains within the loop.
4) Program to show what happens when we cross range of ‘unsigned short’ :
// C++ program to demonstrate // the problem with 'unsigned short' #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { unsigned short a; for (a = 65532; a < 65536; a++) cout << a << "
"; return 0; } |
Will this code print ‘a’ till it becomes 65536? Well the answer is indefinite loop, because here ‘a’ is declared as a short and its valid range is 0 to +65535. When ‘a’ tries to become 65536 through a++, the range is exceeded and as a result the first number from the range(i.e. 0) gets assigned to a. Hence the condition “a < 65536” is satisfied and control remains within the loop.
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