All of these functions read a character from input and return an integer value. The integer is returned to accommodate a special value used to indicate failure. The value EOF is generally used for this purpose.
getc():
It reads a single character from a given input stream and returns the corresponding integer value (typically ASCII value of read character) on success. It returns EOF on failure.
Syntax:
int getc(FILE *stream);
Example:
// Example for getc() in C #include <stdio.h> int main() { printf("%c", getc(stdin)); return(0); } |
Input: g (press enter key) Output: g
An Example Application : C program to compare two files and report mismatches
getchar():
The difference between getc() and getchar() is getc() can read from any input stream, but getchar() reads from standard input. So getchar() is equivalent to getc(stdin).
Syntax:
int getchar(void);
Example:
// Example for getchar() in C #include <stdio.h> int main() { printf("%c", getchar()); return 0; } |
Input: g(press enter key) Output: g
getch():
getch() is a nonstandard function and is present in conio.h header file which is mostly used by MS-DOS compilers like Turbo C. It is not part of the C standard library or ISO C, nor is it defined by POSIX (Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conio.h)
Like above functions, it reads also a single character from keyboard. But it does not use any buffer, so the entered character is immediately returned without waiting for the enter key.
Syntax:
int getch();
Example:
// Example for getch() in C #include <stdio.h> #include <conio.h> int main() { printf("%c", getch()); return 0; } |
Input: g (Without enter key)
Output: Program terminates immediately.
But when you use DOS shell in Turbo C,
it shows a single g, i.e., 'g'
getche()
Like getch(), this is also a non-standard function present in conio.h. It reads a single character from the keyboard and displays immediately on output screen without waiting for enter key.
Syntax:
int getche(void);
Example:
#include <stdio.h> #include <conio.h> // Example for getche() in C int main() { printf("%c", getche()); return 0; } |
Input: g(without enter key as it is not buffered)
Output: Program terminates immediately.
But when you use DOS shell in Turbo C,
double g, i.e., 'gg'
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