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Segregate even and odd nodes in a Linked List

Given a Linked List of integers, write a function to modify the linked list such that all even numbers appear before all the odd numbers in the modified linked list. Also, keep the order of even and odd numbers same.

Examples:

Input: 17->15->8->12->10->5->4->1->7->6->NULL
Output: 8->12->10->4->6->17->15->5->1->7->NULL

Input: 8->12->10->5->4->1->6->NULL
Output: 8->12->10->4->6->5->1->NULL

// If all numbers are even then do not change the list
Input: 8->12->10->NULL
Output: 8->12->10->NULL

// If all numbers are odd then do not change the list
Input: 1->3->5->7->NULL
Output: 1->3->5->7->NULL



Method 1
The idea is to get pointer to the last node of list. And then traverse the list starting from the head node and move the odd valued nodes from their current position to end of the list.

Thanks to blunderboy for suggesting this method.

Algorithm:
…1) Get pointer to the last node.
…2) Move all the odd nodes to the end.
……..a) Consider all odd nodes before the first even node and move them to end.
……..b) Change the head pointer to point to the first even node.
……..b) Consider all odd nodes after the first even node and move them to the end.

C++

// C++ program to segregate even and
//  odd nodes in a Linked List 
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
  
/* a node of the singly linked list */
class Node 
{ 
    public:
    int data; 
    Node *next; 
}; 
  
void segregateEvenOdd(Node **head_ref) 
{ 
    Node *end = *head_ref; 
    Node *prev = NULL; 
    Node *curr = *head_ref; 
  
    /* Get pointer to the last node */
    while (end->next != NULL) 
        end = end->next; 
  
    Node *new_end = end; 
  
    /* Consider all odd nodes before the first 
     even node and move then after end */
    while (curr->data % 2 != 0 && curr != end) 
    { 
        new_end->next = curr; 
        curr = curr->next; 
        new_end->next->next = NULL; 
        new_end = new_end->next; 
    } 
  
    // 10->8->17->17->15 
    /* Do following steps only if 
    there is any even node */
    if (curr->data%2 == 0) 
    { 
        /* Change the head pointer to 
        point to first even node */
        *head_ref = curr; 
  
        /* now current points to
        the first even node */
        while (curr != end) 
        { 
            if ( (curr->data) % 2 == 0 ) 
            { 
                prev = curr; 
                curr = curr->next; 
            } 
            else
            { 
                /* break the link between
                prev and current */
                prev->next = curr->next; 
  
                /* Make next of curr as NULL */
                curr->next = NULL; 
  
                /* Move curr to end */
                new_end->next = curr; 
  
                /* make curr as new end of list */
                new_end = curr; 
  
                /* Update current pointer to
                next of the moved node */
                curr = prev->next; 
            } 
        } 
    } 
  
    /* We must have prev set before executing 
    lines following this statement */
    else prev = curr; 
  
    /* If there are more than 1 odd nodes 
    and end of original list is odd then 
    move this node to end to maintain 
    same order of odd numbers in modified list */
    if (new_end != end && (end->data) % 2 != 0) 
    { 
        prev->next = end->next; 
        end->next = NULL; 
        new_end->next = end; 
    } 
    return; 
} 
  
/* UTILITY FUNCTIONS */
/* Function to insert a node at the beginning */
void push(Node** head_ref, int new_data) 
{ 
    /* allocate node */
    Node* new_node = new Node();
  
    /* put in the data */
    new_node->data = new_data; 
  
    /* link the old list off the new node */
    new_node->next = (*head_ref); 
  
    /* move the head to point to the new node */
    (*head_ref) = new_node; 
} 
  
/* Function to print nodes in a given linked list */
void printList(Node *node) 
{ 
    while (node != NULL) 
    { 
        cout << node->data <<" "; 
        node = node->next; 
    } 
} 
  
/* Driver code*/
int main() 
{ 
    /* Start with the empty list */
    Node* head = NULL; 
  
    /* Let us create a sample linked list as following 
    0->2->4->6->8->10->11 */
  
    push(&head, 11); 
    push(&head, 10); 
    push(&head, 8); 
    push(&head, 6); 
    push(&head, 4); 
    push(&head, 2); 
    push(&head, 0); 
  
    cout << "Original Linked list "; 
    printList(head); 
  
    segregateEvenOdd(&head); 
  
    cout << " Modified Linked list "; 
    printList(head); 
  
    return 0; 
} 
  
// This code is contributed by rathbhupendra

C

// C program to segregate even and odd nodes in a
// Linked List
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
  
/* a node of the singly linked list */
struct Node
{
    int data;
    struct Node *next;
};
  
void segregateEvenOdd(struct Node **head_ref)
{
    struct Node *end = *head_ref;
    struct Node *prev = NULL;
    struct Node *curr = *head_ref;
  
    /* Get pointer to the last node */
    while (end->next != NULL)
        end = end->next;
  
    struct Node *new_end = end;
  
    /* Consider all odd nodes before the first even node
       and move then after end */
    while (curr->data %2 != 0 && curr != end)
    {
        new_end->next = curr;
        curr = curr->next;
        new_end->next->next = NULL;
        new_end = new_end->next;
    }
  
    // 10->8->17->17->15
    /* Do following steps only if there is any even node */
    if (curr->data%2 == 0)
    {
        /* Change the head pointer to point to first even node */
        *head_ref = curr;
  
        /* now current points to the first even node */
        while (curr != end)
        {
            if ( (curr->data)%2 == 0 )
            {
                prev = curr;
                curr = curr->next;
            }
            else
            {
                /* break the link between prev and current */
                prev->next = curr->next;
  
                /* Make next of curr as NULL  */
                curr->next = NULL;
  
                /* Move curr to end */
                new_end->next = curr;
  
                /* make curr as new end of list */
                new_end = curr;
  
                /* Update current pointer to next of the moved node */
                curr = prev->next;
            }
        }
    }
  
    /* We must have prev set before executing lines following this
       statement */
    else prev = curr;
  
    /* If there are more than 1 odd nodes and end of original list is
      odd then move this node to end to maintain same order of odd
      numbers in modified list */
    if (new_end!=end && (end->data)%2 != 0)
    {
        prev->next = end->next;
        end->next = NULL;
        new_end->next = end;
    }
    return;
}
  
/* UTILITY FUNCTIONS */
/* Function to insert a node at the beginning  */
void push(struct Node** head_ref, int new_data)
{
    /* allocate node */
    struct Node* new_node =
        (struct Node*) malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
  
    /* put in the data  */
    new_node->data  = new_data;
  
    /* link the old list off the new node */
    new_node->next = (*head_ref);
  
    /* move the head to point to the new node */
    (*head_ref)    = new_node;
}
  
/* Function to print nodes in a given linked list */
void printList(struct Node *node)
{
    while (node!=NULL)
    {
        printf("%d ", node->data);
        node = node->next;
    }
}
  
/* Drier program to test above functions*/
int main()
{
    /* Start with the empty list */
    struct Node* head = NULL;
  
    /* Let us create a sample linked list as following
      0->2->4->6->8->10->11 */
  
    push(&head, 11);
    push(&head, 10);
    push(&head, 8);
    push(&head, 6);
    push(&head, 4);
    push(&head, 2);
    push(&head, 0);
  
    printf(" Original Linked list ");
    printList(head);
  
    segregateEvenOdd(&head);
  
    printf(" Modified Linked list ");
    printList(head);
  
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program to segregate even and odd nodes in a
// Linked List
class LinkedList
{
    Node head;  // head of list
  
    /* Linked list Node*/
    class Node
    {
        int data;
        Node next;
        Node(int d)
        {
            data = d;
            next = null;
        }
    }
  
    void segregateEvenOdd()
    {
        Node end = head;
        Node prev = null;
        Node curr = head;
  
        /* Get pointer to last Node */
        while (end.next != null)
            end = end.next;
  
        Node new_end = end;
  
        // Consider all odd nodes before getting first eve node
        while (curr.data %2 !=0 && curr != end)
        {
            new_end.next = curr;
            curr = curr.next;
            new_end.next.next = null;
            new_end = new_end.next;
        }
  
        // do following steps only if there is an even node
        if (curr.data %2 ==0)
        {
            head = curr;
  
            // now curr points to first even node
            while (curr != end)
            {
                if (curr.data % 2 == 0)
                {
                    prev = curr;
                    curr = curr.next;
                }
                else
                {
                    /* Break the link between prev and curr*/
                    prev.next = curr.next;
  
                    /* Make next of curr as null */
                    curr.next = null;
  
                    /*Move curr to end */
                    new_end.next = curr;
  
                    /*Make curr as new end of list */
                    new_end = curr;
  
                    /*Update curr pointer */
                    curr = prev.next;
                }
            }
        }
  
        /* We have to set prev before executing rest of this code */
        else prev = curr;
  
        if (new_end != end && end.data %2 != 0)
        {
            prev.next = end.next;
            end.next = null;
            new_end.next = end;
        }
    }
  
    /*  Given a reference (pointer to pointer) to the head
        of a list and an int, push a new node on the front
        of the list. */
    void push(int new_data)
    {
        /* 1 & 2: Allocate the Node &
                  Put in the data*/
        Node new_node = new Node(new_data);
  
        /* 3. Make next of new Node as head */
        new_node.next = head;
  
        /* 4. Move the head to point to new Node */
        head = new_node;
    }
  
    // Utility function to print a linked list
    void printList()
    {
        Node temp = head;
        while(temp != null)
        {
            System.out.print(temp.data+" ");
            temp = temp.next;
        }
        System.out.println();
    }
  
  
    /* Drier program to test above functions */
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        LinkedList llist = new LinkedList();
        llist.push(11);
        llist.push(10);
        llist.push(8);
        llist.push(6);
        llist.push(4);
        llist.push(2);
        llist.push(0);
        System.out.println("Origional Linked List");
        llist.printList();
  
        llist.segregateEvenOdd();
  
        System.out.println("Modified Linked List");
        llist.printList();
    }
} /* This code is contributed by Rajat Mishra */

C#

// C# program to segregate even and odd nodes in a
// Linked List
using System;
  
public class LinkedList
{
    Node head; // head of list
  
    /* Linked list Node*/
    public class Node
    {
        public int data;
        public Node next;
        public Node(int d)
        {
            data = d;
            next = null;
        }
    }
  
    void segregateEvenOdd()
    {
        Node end = head;
        Node prev = null;
        Node curr = head;
  
        /* Get pointer to last Node */
        while (end.next != null)
            end = end.next;
  
        Node new_end = end;
  
        // Consider all odd nodes before 
        // getting first eve node
        while (curr.data % 2 != 0 && curr != end)
        {
            new_end.next = curr;
            curr = curr.next;
            new_end.next.next = null;
            new_end = new_end.next;
        }
  
        // do following steps only 
        // if there is an even node
        if (curr.data % 2 == 0)
        {
            head = curr;
  
            // now curr points to first even node
            while (curr != end)
            {
                if (curr.data % 2 == 0)
                {
                    prev = curr;
                    curr = curr.next;
                }
                else
                {
                    /* Break the link between prev and curr*/
                    prev.next = curr.next;
  
                    /* Make next of curr as null */
                    curr.next = null;
  
                    /*Move curr to end */
                    new_end.next = curr;
  
                    /*Make curr as new end of list */
                    new_end = curr;
  
                    /*Update curr pointer */
                    curr = prev.next;
                }
            }
        }
  
        /* We have to set prev before 
        executing rest of this code */
        else prev = curr;
  
        if (new_end != end && end.data % 2 != 0)
        {
            prev.next = end.next;
            end.next = null;
            new_end.next = end;
        }
    }
  
    /* Given a reference (pointer to pointer) to the head
        of a list and an int, push a new node on the front
        of the list. */
    void push(int new_data)
    {
        /* 1 & 2: Allocate the Node &
                Put in the data*/
        Node new_node = new Node(new_data);
  
        /* 3. Make next of new Node as head */
        new_node.next = head;
  
        /* 4. Move the head to point to new Node */
        head = new_node;
    }
  
    // Utility function to print a linked list
    void printList()
    {
        Node temp = head;
        while(temp != null)
        {
            Console.Write(temp.data + " ");
            temp = temp.next;
        }
        Console.WriteLine();
    }
  
  
    /* Driver code */
    public static void Main(String []args)
    {
        LinkedList llist = new LinkedList();
        llist.push(11);
        llist.push(10);
        llist.push(8);
        llist.push(6);
        llist.push(4);
        llist.push(2);
        llist.push(0);
        Console.WriteLine("Origional Linked List");
        llist.printList();
  
        llist.segregateEvenOdd();
  
        Console.WriteLine("Modified Linked List");
        llist.printList();
    }
}
  
// This code has been contributed by 29AjayKumar


Output:

 Original Linked list 0 2 4 6 8 10 11
 Modified Linked list 0 2 4 6 8 10 11

Time complexity: O(n)

Method 2
The idea is to split the linked list into two: one containing all even nodes and other containing all odd nodes. And finally attach the odd node linked list after the even node linked list.
To split the Linked List, traverse the original Linked List and move all odd nodes to a separate Linked List of all odd nodes. At the end of loop, the original list will have all the even nodes and the odd node list will have all the odd nodes. To keep the ordering of all nodes same, we must insert all the odd nodes at the end of the odd node list. And to do that in constant time, we must keep track of last pointer in the odd node list.

C++

// CPP program to segregate even and odd nodes in a
// Linked List
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
  
/* a node of the singly linked list */
struct Node
{
    int data;
    struct Node *next;
};
  
// Function to segregate even and odd nodes.
void segregateEvenOdd(struct Node **head_ref)
{
    // Starting node of list having 
    // even values.
    Node *evenStart = NULL;
      
    // Ending node of even values list.
    Node *evenEnd = NULL;
      
    // Starting node of odd values list.
    Node *oddStart = NULL;
      
    // Ending node of odd values list.
    Node *oddEnd = NULL;
      
    // Node to traverse the list.
    Node *currNode = *head_ref;
      
    while(currNode != NULL){
        int val = currNode -> data;
          
        // If current value is even, add
        // it to even values list.
        if(val % 2 == 0) {
            if(evenStart == NULL){
                evenStart = currNode;
                evenEnd = evenStart;
            }
              
            else{
                evenEnd -> next = currNode;
                evenEnd = evenEnd -> next;
            }
        } 
          
        // If current value is odd, add 
        // it to odd values list.
        else{
            if(oddStart == NULL){
                oddStart = currNode;
                oddEnd = oddStart;
            }
            else{
                oddEnd -> next = currNode;
                oddEnd = oddEnd -> next;
            }
        }
                      
        // Move head pointer one step in 
        // forward direction
        currNode = currNode -> next;    
    }
      
    // If either odd list or even list is empty,
    // no change is required as all elements 
    // are either even or odd.
    if(oddStart == NULL || evenStart == NULL){
        return;
    }
      
    // Add odd list after even list.     
    evenEnd -> next = oddStart;
    oddEnd -> next = NULL;
      
    // Modify head pointer to 
    // starting of even list.
    *head_ref = evenStart;
}
  
/* UTILITY FUNCTIONS */
/* Function to insert a node at the beginning */
void push(struct Node** head_ref, int new_data)
{
    /* allocate node */
    struct Node* new_node =
        (struct Node*) malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
  
    /* put in the data */
    new_node->data = new_data;
  
    /* link the old list off the new node */
    new_node->next = (*head_ref);
  
    /* move the head to point to the new node */
    (*head_ref) = new_node;
}
  
/* Function to print nodes in a given linked list */
void printList(struct Node *node)
{
    while (node!=NULL)
    {
        printf("%d ", node->data);
        node = node->next;
    }
}
  
/* Drier program to test above functions*/
int main()
{
    /* Start with the empty list */
    struct Node* head = NULL;
  
    /* Let us create a sample linked list as following
    0->1->4->6->9->10->11 */
  
    push(&head, 11);
    push(&head, 10);
    push(&head, 9);
    push(&head, 6);
    push(&head, 4);
    push(&head, 1);
    push(&head, 0);
  
    printf(" Original Linked list ");
    printList(head);
  
    segregateEvenOdd(&head);
  
    printf(" Modified Linked list ");
    printList(head);
  
    return 0;
}
  
// This code is contributed by NIKHIL JINDAL.

Java

// Java program to segregate even and odd nodes in a
// Linked List
import java.io.*;
  
class LinkedList {
      
    Node head;  // head of list
   
    /* Linked list Node*/
    class Node
    {
        int data;
        Node next;
        Node(int d)
        {
            data = d;
            next = null;
        }
    }
      
    public void segregateEvenOdd() {
          
        Node evenStart = null;
        Node evenEnd = null;
        Node oddStart = null;
        Node oddEnd = null;
        Node currentNode = head;
          
        while(currentNode != null) {
            int element = currentNode.data;
              
            if(element % 2 == 0) {
                  
                if(evenStart == null) {
                    evenStart = currentNode;
                    evenEnd = evenStart;
                } else {
                    evenEnd.next = currentNode;
                    evenEnd = evenEnd.next;
                }
                  
            } else {
                  
                if(oddStart == null) {
                    oddStart = currentNode;
                    oddEnd = oddStart;
                } else {
                    oddEnd.next = currentNode;
                    oddEnd = oddEnd.next;
                }
            }
                        // Move head pointer one step in forward direction
            currentNode = currentNode.next;    
        }
          
          
        if(oddStart == null || evenStart == null) {
            return;
        }
          
        evenEnd.next = oddStart;
        oddEnd.next = null;
        head=evenStart;
    }
      
    /*  Given a reference (pointer to pointer) to the head
        of a list and an int, push a new node on the front
        of the list. */
    void push(int new_data)
    {
        /* 1 & 2: Allocate the Node &
                  Put in the data*/
        Node new_node = new Node(new_data);
   
        /* 3. Make next of new Node as head */
        new_node.next = head;
   
        /* 4. Move the head to point to new Node */
        head = new_node;
    }
   
    // Utility function to print a linked list
    void printList()
    {
        Node temp = head;
        while(temp != null)
        {
            System.out.print(temp.data+" ");
            temp = temp.next;
        }
        System.out.println();
    }
      
    /* Drier program to test above functions */
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        LinkedList llist = new LinkedList();
        llist.push(11);
        llist.push(10);
        llist.push(9);
        llist.push(6);
        llist.push(4);
        llist.push(1);
        llist.push(0);
        System.out.println("Origional Linked List");
        llist.printList();
   
        llist.segregateEvenOdd();
   
        System.out.println("Modified Linked List");
        llist.printList();
    }
}

C#

// C# program to segregate even and odd nodes in a
// Linked List
using System;
      
public class LinkedList
{
      
    Node head; // head of list
  
    /* Linked list Node*/
    public class Node
    {
        public int data;
        public Node next;
        public Node(int d)
        {
            data = d;
            next = null;
        }
    }
      
    public void segregateEvenOdd() 
    {
          
        Node evenStart = null;
        Node evenEnd = null;
        Node oddStart = null;
        Node oddEnd = null;
        Node currentNode = head;
          
        while(currentNode != null) 
        {
            int element = currentNode.data;
              
            if(element % 2 == 0) 
            {
                  
                if(evenStart == null) 
                {
                    evenStart = currentNode;
                    evenEnd = evenStart;
                }
                else
                {
                    evenEnd.next = currentNode;
                    evenEnd = evenEnd.next;
                }
                  
            } 
            else
            {
                  
                if(oddStart == null)
                {
                    oddStart = currentNode;
                    oddEnd = oddStart;
                }
                else
                {
                    oddEnd.next = currentNode;
                    oddEnd = oddEnd.next;
                }
            }
          
        // Move head pointer one step in forward direction
            currentNode = currentNode.next; 
        }
          
          
        if(oddStart == null || evenStart == null)
        {
            return;
        }
          
        evenEnd.next = oddStart;
        oddEnd.next = null;
        head=evenStart;
    }
      
    /* Given a reference (pointer to pointer) to the head
        of a list and an int, push a new node on the front
        of the list. */
    void push(int new_data)
    {
        /* 1 & 2: Allocate the Node &
                Put in the data*/
        Node new_node = new Node(new_data);
  
        /* 3. Make next of new Node as head */
        new_node.next = head;
  
        /* 4. Move the head to point to new Node */
        head = new_node;
    }
  
    // Utility function to print a linked list
    void printList()
    {
        Node temp = head;
        while(temp != null)
        {
            Console.Write(temp.data+" ");
            temp = temp.next;
        }
        Console.WriteLine();
    }
      
    /* Driver code */
    public static void Main()
    {
        LinkedList llist = new LinkedList();
        llist.push(11);
        llist.push(10);
        llist.push(9);
        llist.push(6);
        llist.push(4);
        llist.push(1);
        llist.push(0);
        Console.WriteLine("Origional Linked List");
        llist.printList();
  
        llist.segregateEvenOdd();
  
        Console.WriteLine("Modified Linked List");
        llist.printList();
    }
}
  
/* This code contributed by PrinciRaj1992 */



Output:

Origional Linked List
0 1 4 6 9 10 11 
Modified Linked List
0 4 6 10 1 9 11

Time complexity: O(n)

Please write comments if you find the above code/algorithm incorrect, or find other ways to solve the same problem.



This article is attributed to GeeksforGeeks.org

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