Arrange consonants and vowels nodes in a linked list

Given a singly linked list, we need to arrange the consonants and vowel nodes of it in such a way that all the vowels nodes come before the consonants while maintaining the order of their arrival.

Examples:

Input : a -> b -> c -> e -> d -> 
        o -> x -> i
Output : a -> e -> o -> i -> b -> 
         c -> d -> x

Solution :
The idea is to keep a marker of the latest vowel we found while traversing the list. If we find another vowel, we take it out of the chain and put it after the existing latest vowel. Example: For linked list:

a -> b -> c -> e -> d -> o -> x -> i

say our latestVowel reference references the ‘a’ node, and that we currently reached the ‘e’ node. We do:

a -> e -> b -> c -> d -> o -> x -> i

So what was after the ‘a’ node is now after the ‘e’ node after deleting it, and linking ‘a’ directly to ‘e’.

To properly remove and add links, it’s best to use the node before the one you are checking. So if you have a curr, you will check curr->next node to see if it’s a vowel or not. If it is, we need to add it after the latestVowel node and then it’s easy to remove it from the chain by assigning its next to curr’s next. Also if a list only contains consonants, we simply return head.

C++

/* C++ program to arrange consonants and 
   vowels nodes in a linked list */
#include<bits/stdc++.h> 
using namespace std; 
  
/* A linked list node */
struct Node 
{ 
    char data; 
    struct Node *next; 
}; 
  
/* Function to add new node to the List */
Node *newNode(char key) 
{ 
    Node *temp = new Node; 
    temp->data = key; 
    temp->next = NULL; 
    return temp; 
} 
  
// utility function to print linked list 
void printlist(Node *head) 
{ 
    if (! head) 
    { 
        cout << "Empty List
"; 
        return; 
    } 
    while (head != NULL) 
    { 
        cout << head->data << " "; 
        if (head->next) 
           cout << "-> "; 
        head = head->next; 
    } 
    cout << endl; 
} 
  
// utility function for checking vowel 
bool isVowel(char x) 
{ 
    return (x == 'a' || x == 'e' || x == 'i' || 
            x == 'o' || x == 'u'); 
} 
  
/* function to arrange consonants and 
   vowels nodes */
Node *arrange(Node *head) 
{ 
    Node *newHead = head; 
  
    // for keep track of vowel 
    Node *latestVowel; 
  
    Node *curr = head; 
  
    // list is empty 
    if (head == NULL) 
        return NULL; 
  
    // We need to discover the first vowel 
    // in the list. It is going to be the 
    // returned head, and also the initial 
    // latestVowel. 
    if (isVowel(head->data)) 
  
        // first element is a vowel. It will 
        // also be the new head and the initial 
        // latestVowel; 
        latestVowel = head; 
  
    else
    { 
  
        // First element is not a vowel. Iterate 
        // through the list until we find a vowel. 
        // Note that curr points to the element 
        // *before* the element with the vowel. 
        while (curr->next != NULL && 
               !isVowel(curr->next->data)) 
            curr = curr->next; 
  
  
        // This is an edge case where there are 
        // only consonants in the list. 
        if (curr->next == NULL) 
            return head; 
  
        // Set the initial latestVowel and the 
        // new head to the vowel item that we found. 
        // Relink the chain of consonants after 
        // that vowel item: 
        // old_head_consonant->consonant1->consonant2-> 
        // vowel->rest_of_list becomes 
        // vowel->old_head_consonant->consonant1-> 
        // consonant2->rest_of_list 
        latestVowel = newHead = curr->next; 
        curr->next = curr->next->next; 
        latestVowel->next = head; 
    } 
  
    // Now traverse the list. Curr is always the item 
    // *before* the one we are checking, so that we 
    // can use it to re-link. 
    while (curr != NULL && curr->next != NULL) 
    { 
        if (isVowel(curr->next->data)) 
        { 
            // The next discovered item is a vowel 
            if (curr == latestVowel) 
            { 
                // If it comes directly after the 
                // previous vowel, we don't need to 
                // move items around, just mark the 
                // new latestVowel and advance curr. 
                latestVowel = curr = curr->next; 
            } 
            else
            { 
  
                // But if it comes after an intervening 
                // chain of consonants, we need to chain 
                // the newly discovered vowel right after 
                // the old vowel. Curr is not changed as 
                // after the re-linking it will have a 
                // new next, that has not been checked yet, 
                // and we always keep curr at one before 
                // the next to check. 
                Node *temp = latestVowel->next; 
  
                // Chain in new vowel 
                latestVowel->next = curr->next; 
  
                // Advance latestVowel 
                latestVowel = latestVowel->next; 
  
                // Remove found vowel from previous place 
                curr->next = curr->next->next; 
  
                // Re-link chain of consonants after latestVowel 
                latestVowel->next = temp; 
            } 
        } 
        else
        { 
  
            // No vowel in the next element, advance curr. 
            curr = curr->next; 
        } 
    } 
    return newHead; 
} 
  
// Driver code 
int main() 
{ 
    Node *head = newNode('a'); 
    head->next = newNode('b'); 
    head->next->next = newNode('c'); 
    head->next->next->next = newNode('e'); 
    head->next->next->next->next = newNode('d'); 
    head->next->next->next->next->next = newNode('o'); 
    head->next->next->next->next->next->next = newNode('x'); 
    head->next->next->next->next->next->next->next = newNode('i'); 
  
    printf("Linked list before :
"); 
    printlist(head); 
  
    head = arrange(head); 
  
    printf("Linked list after :
"); 
    printlist(head); 
  
    return 0; 
} 

Java

/* Java program to arrange consonants and  
vowels nodes in a linked list */
class GfG 
{  
  
/* A linked list node */
static class Node  
{  
    char data;  
    Node next;  
} 
  
/* Function to add new node to the List */
static Node newNode(char key)  
{  
    Node temp = new Node();  
    temp.data = key;  
    temp.next = null;  
    return temp;  
}  
  
// utility function to print linked list  
static void printlist(Node head)  
{  
    if (head == null)  
    {  
        System.out.println("Empty List");  
        return;  
    }  
    while (head != null)  
    {  
        System.out.print(head.data +" ");  
        if (head.next != null)  
        System.out.print("-> ");  
        head = head.next;  
    }  
    System.out.println(); 
}  
  
// utility function for checking vowel  
static boolean isVowel(char x)  
{  
    return (x == 'a' || x == 'e' || x == 'i' ||  
            x == 'o' || x == 'u');  
}  
  
/* function to arrange consonants and  
vowels nodes */
static Node arrange(Node head)  
{  
    Node newHead = head;  
  
    // for keep track of vowel  
    Node latestVowel;  
  
    Node curr = head;  
  
    // list is empty  
    if (head == null)  
        return null;  
  
    // We need to discover the first vowel  
    // in the list. It is going to be the  
    // returned head, and also the initial  
    // latestVowel.  
    if (isVowel(head.data) == true)  
  
        // first element is a vowel. It will  
        // also be the new head and the initial  
        // latestVowel;  
        latestVowel = head;  
  
    else
    {  
  
        // First element is not a vowel. Iterate  
        // through the list until we find a vowel.  
        // Note that curr points to the element  
        // *before* the element with the vowel.  
        while (curr.next != null &&  
            !isVowel(curr.next.data))  
            curr = curr.next;  
  
  
        // This is an edge case where there are  
        // only consonants in the list.  
        if (curr.next == null)  
            return head;  
  
        // Set the initial latestVowel and the  
        // new head to the vowel item that we found.  
        // Relink the chain of consonants after  
        // that vowel item:  
        // old_head_consonant->consonant1->consonant2->  
        // vowel->rest_of_list becomes  
        // vowel->old_head_consonant->consonant1->  
        // consonant2->rest_of_list  
        latestVowel = newHead = curr.next;  
        curr.next = curr.next.next;  
        latestVowel.next = head;  
    }  
  
    // Now traverse the list. Curr is always the item  
    // *before* the one we are checking, so that we  
    // can use it to re-link.  
    while (curr != null && curr.next != null)  
    {  
        if (isVowel(curr.next.data) == true)  
        {  
            // The next discovered item is a vowel  
            if (curr == latestVowel)  
            {  
                // If it comes directly after the  
                // previous vowel, we don't need to  
                // move items around, just mark the  
                // new latestVowel and advance curr.  
                latestVowel = curr = curr.next;  
            }  
            else
            {  
  
                // But if it comes after an intervening  
                // chain of consonants, we need to chain  
                // the newly discovered vowel right after  
                // the old vowel. Curr is not changed as  
                // after the re-linking it will have a  
                // new next, that has not been checked yet,  
                // and we always keep curr at one before  
                // the next to check.  
                Node temp = latestVowel.next;  
  
                // Chain in new vowel  
                latestVowel.next = curr.next;  
  
                // Advance latestVowel  
                latestVowel = latestVowel.next;  
  
                // Remove found vowel from previous place  
                curr.next = curr.next.next;  
  
                // Re-link chain of consonants after latestVowel  
                latestVowel.next = temp;  
            }  
        }  
        else
        {  
  
            // No vowel in the next element, advance curr.  
            curr = curr.next;  
        }  
    }  
    return newHead;  
}  
  
// Driver code  
public static void main(String[] args)  
{  
    Node head = newNode('a');  
    head.next = newNode('b');  
    head.next.next = newNode('c');  
    head.next.next.next = newNode('e');  
    head.next.next.next.next = newNode('d');  
    head.next.next.next.next.next = newNode('o');  
    head.next.next.next.next.next.next = newNode('x');  
    head.next.next.next.next.next.next.next = newNode('i');  
  
    System.out.println("Linked list before : ");  
    printlist(head);  
  
    head = arrange(head);  
  
    System.out.println("Linked list after :");  
    printlist(head);  
} 
}  
  
// This code is contributed by Prerna Saini. 

C#

/* C# program to arrange consonants and  
vowels nodes in a linked list */
using System;  
  
class GfG 
{  
  
    /* A linked list node */
    public class Node  
    {  
        public char data;  
        public Node next;  
    } 
  
    /* Function to add new node to the List */
    static Node newNode(char key)  
    {  
        Node temp = new Node();  
        temp.data = key;  
        temp.next = null;  
        return temp;  
    }  
  
    // utility function to print linked list  
    static void printlist(Node head)  
    {  
        if (head == null)  
        {  
            Console.WriteLine("Empty List");  
            return;  
        }  
        while (head != null)  
        {  
            Console.Write(head.data +" ");  
            if (head.next != null)  
                Console.Write("-> ");  
            head = head.next;  
        }  
        Console.WriteLine(); 
    }  
  
    // utility function for checking vowel  
    static bool isVowel(char x)  
    {  
        return (x == 'a' || x == 'e' || x == 'i' ||  
                x == 'o' || x == 'u');  
    }  
  
    /* function to arrange consonants and  
    vowels nodes */
    static Node arrange(Node head)  
    {  
        Node newHead = head;  
  
        // for keep track of vowel  
        Node latestVowel;  
  
        Node curr = head;  
  
        // list is empty  
        if (head == null)  
            return null;  
  
        // We need to discover the first vowel  
        // in the list. It is going to be the  
        // returned head, and also the initial  
        // latestVowel.  
        if (isVowel(head.data) == true)  
  
            // first element is a vowel. It will  
            // also be the new head and the initial  
            // latestVowel;  
            latestVowel = head;  
  
        else
        {  
  
            // First element is not a vowel. Iterate  
            // through the list until we find a vowel.  
            // Note that curr points to the element  
            // *before* the element with the vowel.  
            while (curr.next != null &&  
                !isVowel(curr.next.data))  
                curr = curr.next;  
  
  
            // This is an edge case where there are  
            // only consonants in the list.  
            if (curr.next == null)  
                return head;  
  
            // Set the initial latestVowel and the  
            // new head to the vowel item that we found.  
            // Relink the chain of consonants after  
            // that vowel item:  
            // old_head_consonant->consonant1->consonant2->  
            // vowel->rest_of_list becomes  
            // vowel->old_head_consonant->consonant1->  
            // consonant2->rest_of_list  
            latestVowel = newHead = curr.next;  
            curr.next = curr.next.next;  
            latestVowel.next = head;  
        }  
  
        // Now traverse the list. Curr is always the item  
        // *before* the one we are checking, so that we  
        // can use it to re-link.  
        while (curr != null && curr.next != null)  
        {  
            if (isVowel(curr.next.data) == true)  
            {  
                // The next discovered item is a vowel  
                if (curr == latestVowel)  
                {  
                    // If it comes directly after the  
                    // previous vowel, we don't need to  
                    // move items around, just mark the  
                    // new latestVowel and advance curr.  
                    latestVowel = curr = curr.next;  
                }  
                else
                {  
  
                    // But if it comes after an intervening  
                    // chain of consonants, we need to chain  
                    // the newly discovered vowel right after  
                    // the old vowel. Curr is not changed as  
                    // after the re-linking it will have a  
                    // new next, that has not been checked yet,  
                    // and we always keep curr at one before  
                    // the next to check.  
                    Node temp = latestVowel.next;  
  
                    // Chain in new vowel  
                    latestVowel.next = curr.next;  
  
                    // Advance latestVowel  
                    latestVowel = latestVowel.next;  
  
                    // Remove found vowel from previous place  
                    curr.next = curr.next.next;  
  
                    // Re-link chain of consonants after latestVowel  
                    latestVowel.next = temp;  
                }  
            }  
            else
            {  
  
                // No vowel in the next element, advance curr.  
                curr = curr.next;  
            }  
        }  
        return newHead;  
    }  
  
    // Driver code  
    public static void Main(String[] args)  
    {  
        Node head = newNode('a');  
        head.next = newNode('b');  
        head.next.next = newNode('c');  
        head.next.next.next = newNode('e');  
        head.next.next.next.next = newNode('d');  
        head.next.next.next.next.next = newNode('o');  
        head.next.next.next.next.next.next = newNode('x');  
        head.next.next.next.next.next.next.next = newNode('i');  
  
        Console.WriteLine("Linked list before : ");  
        printlist(head);  
  
        head = arrange(head);  
  
        Console.WriteLine("Linked list after :");  
        printlist(head);  
    } 
} 
  
// This code is contributed by PrinciRaj1992 

Output:

Linked list before :
a -> b -> c -> e -> d -> o -> x -> i 
Linked list after :
a -> e -> o -> i -> b -> c -> d -> x

References:
Stackoverflow

Please write comments if you find anything incorrect, or you want to share more information about the topic discussed above.

Arrange consonants and vowels nodes in a linked list

C++

Java

C#

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