Given a binary tree, we need to write a program to swap leaf nodes in the given binary tree pairwise starting from from left to right as shown below.
Tree before swapping:
Tree after swapping:
The sequence of leaf nodes in original binary tree from left to right is (4, 6, 7, 9, 10). Now if we try to form pairs from this sequence, we will have two pairs as (4, 6), (7, 9). The last node (10) is unable to form pair with any node and thus left unswapped.
The idea to solve this problem is to first traverse the leaf nodes of the binary tree from left to right.
While traversing the leaf nodes, we maintain two pointers to keep track of first and second leaf nodes in a pair and a variable count to keep track of count of leaf nodes traversed.
Now, if we observe carefully then we see that while traversing if the count of leaf nodes traversed is even, it means that we can form a pair of leaf nodes. To keep track of this pair we take two pointers firstPtr and secondPtr as mentioned above. Every time we encounter a leaf node we initialize secondPtr with this leaf node. Now if the count is odd, we initialize firstPtr with secondPtr otherwise we simply swap these two nodes.
Below is the C++ implementation of above idea:
/* C++ program to pairwise swap leaf nodes from left to right */#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; // A Binary Tree Node struct Node { int data; struct Node *left, *right; }; // function to swap two Node void Swap(Node **a, Node **b) { Node * temp = *a; *a = *b; *b = temp; } // two pointers to keep track of // first and second nodes in a pair Node **firstPtr; Node **secondPtr; // function to pairwise swap leaf // nodes from left to right void pairwiseSwap(Node **root, int &count) { // if node is null, return if (!(*root)) return; // if node is leaf node, increment count if(!(*root)->left&&!(*root)->right) { // initialize second pointer // by current node secondPtr = root; // increment count count++; // if count is even, swap first // and second pointers if (count%2 == 0) Swap(firstPtr, secondPtr); else // if count is odd, initialize // first pointer by second pointer firstPtr = secondPtr; } // if left child exists, check for leaf // recursively if ((*root)->left) pairwiseSwap(&(*root)->left, count); // if right child exists, check for leaf // recursively if ((*root)->right) pairwiseSwap(&(*root)->right, count); } // Utility function to create a new tree node Node* newNode(int data) { Node *temp = new Node; temp->data = data; temp->left = temp->right = NULL; return temp; } // function to print inorder traversal // of binary tree void printInorder(Node* node) { if (node == NULL) return; /* first recur on left child */ printInorder(node->left); /* then print the data of node */ printf("%d ", node->data); /* now recur on right child */ printInorder(node->right); } // Driver program to test above functions int main() { // Let us create binary tree shown in // above diagram Node *root = newNode(1); root->left = newNode(2); root->right = newNode(3); root->left->left = newNode(4); root->right->left = newNode(5); root->right->right = newNode(8); root->right->left->left = newNode(6); root->right->left->right = newNode(7); root->right->right->left = newNode(9); root->right->right->right = newNode(10); // print inorder traversal before swapping cout << "Inorder traversal before swap:
"; printInorder(root); cout << "
"; // variable to keep track // of leafs traversed int c = 0; // Pairwise swap of leaf nodes pairwiseSwap(&root, c); // print inorder traversal after swapping cout << "Inorder traversal after swap:
"; printInorder(root); cout << "
"; return 0; } |
Output:
Inorder traversal before swap: 4 2 1 6 5 7 3 9 8 10 Inorder traversal after swap: 6 2 1 4 5 9 3 7 8 10
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